Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

In the field of cardiovascular medicine, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, or HFpEF, poses substantial diagnostic and treatment challenges. The numerous difficulties in identifying and treating HFpEF are outlined in this study. These difficulties include difficult diagnostic standards, complex differential diagnoses, a dearth of evidence-based treatments, and new directions in the field of healthcare. Uncertainties in diagnosis and possible misclassification result from a lack of specific criteria, which are mostly based on ventricular-arterial coupling evaluations, imaging modalities, and symptomatology. Due to overlapping clinical symptoms with several comorbidities, including obesity-related heart disease, chronic renal disease, and hypertension, the differential diagnosis of HFpEF is difficult and requires careful assessment in order to make an appropriate diagnosis. The primary goals of management techniques are symptom alleviation and comorbidity control, however it is uncertain how these goals will affect long-term results. Non-pharmacological therapies, which include dietary changes, exercise routines, and lifestyle alterations, are viable pathways for improving quality of life and functional ability. Further research focuses on innovative pharmacological drugs that target certain pathophysiological pathways, improved cardiovascular imaging, customised clinical trials, and precision medicine strategies utilising biomarkers. These initiatives seek to develop novel management approaches for HFpEF, specify treatment targets, and clarify diagnostic criteria. Improving outcomes for people with HFpEF requires addressing these issues and utilising novel medicines.